Despite the unprecedented success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in several cancer types, only a subset of patients derives clinical benefit. Companies leading the charge on ICI development are faced with many questions including:

1. What are the molecular drivers of tumor response?
2. What biomarkers, in addition to the currently approved ones, better identify the subset of patients who see clinical benefit from ICI therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?
3. How can we turn non-responsive tumors (cold) into responsive tumors (hot)?

In this 45-minute webinar, we will cover how the REFS causal AI and simulation platform was used to address questions of ICI success, uncover drivers of tumor response and resistance to immune-checkpoint therapy, and uncover biomarkers that could be used to identify patients benefiting from immune-checkpoint therapy.